Papel do suporte circulatório nas síndromes coronarianas aguda / The role of circulatory support in acute coronary syndromes

O tratamento da síndrome coronariana aguda obteve expressiva redução da mortalidade graças ao desenvolvimento de novos fármacos e da angioplastia coronariana primária. Entretanto, apesar desta terapêutica ser eficiente e oferecer resultados adequados no tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), o choque cardiogênico ainda ocorre em 5 a 10% dos casos e continua a ser a principal causa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Portanto, temos um desfecho clínico insatisfatório neste grupo de pacientes com prognóstico reservado a curto e longo prazo. O balão intra-aórtico, embora empregado de forma rotineira no tratamento do choque cardiogênico refratário, apresenta benefícios limitados e não apresenta impacto no prognóstico destes pacientes, como demonstrado em ensaios randomizados recentes. Os sistemas de suporte de vida extracorpóreo (ECLS) são considerados dispositivos eficazes para o tratamento do choque cardiogênico refratário no IAM, uma vez que oferecem fluxo sanguíneo adequado e são instalados rapidamente pela canulação de vasos periféricos. Deste modo, permitem a tomada de decisões médicas para a realização de intervenções diagnósticas e terapêuticas – ponte para decisão – para tratamento da causa clínica e anatômica, com resultados clínicos consistentes e encorajadores para autilização deste tipo de tecnologia...

The treatment of acute coronary syndrome has achieved a significant reduction in mortality, thanks to the development of new drugs and primary coronary angioplasty. However, although this therapy is efficient and offers adequate results in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiogenic shock still occurs in 5% to 10% of cases, and continues to be the main cause of intra hospital mortality. Therefore, we have an unsatisfactory clinical outcome in this group of patients, with a reserved prognosis in the short and long terms.The intra-aortic balloon pump, although used routinely in the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock, has limited benefits and does not have any impact on patient prognosis, as demonstrated in recent randomized trials. Extracorporeal life support systems (ECLS) are considered effective devices for the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock in AMI, as they offer adequate blood flow and are rapidly installed through cannulation of the peripheral veins. They therefore enable medical decision-making for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions – decision-making bridge – for treatment of the clinical and anatomical cause, with consistent and encouraging clinical results for the use of this type of technology...

Diastolic function and functional capacity after a single session of continuous positive airway pressure in patients with compensated heart failure

OBJECTIVE: The effects of acute continuous positive airway pressure therapy on left ventricular diastolic function and functional capacity in patients with compensated systolic heart failure remain unclear. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included 43 patients with heart failure and a left ventricular ejection fraction <0.50 who were in functional classes I-III according to the New York Heart Association criteria. Twenty-three patients were assigned to continuous positive airway pressure therapy (10 cmH2O), while 20 patients received placebo with null pressure for 30 minutes. All patients underwent a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and Doppler echocardiography before and immediately after intervention. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01088854. RESULTS: The groups had similar clinical and echocardiographic baseline variables. Variation in the diastolic function index (e′) after intervention was associated with differences in the distance walked in both groups. However, in the continuous positive airway pressure group, this difference was greater (continuous positive airway pressure group: Δ6MWT = 9.44+16.05×Δe′, p = 0.002; sham group: Δ6MWT = 7.49+5.38×Δe′; p = 0.015). There was a statistically significant interaction between e′ index variation and continuous positive airway pressure for the improvement of functional capacity (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous positive airway pressure does not acurately change the echocardiographic indexes of left ventricle systolic or diastolic function in patients with compensated systolic heart failure. However, 30-minute continuous positive airway pressure therapy appears to have an effect on left ventricular diastolic function by increasing functional capacity. .